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Turing machines
Pushdown automaton
Finite automaton
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Turing machine #1. Require gen-trans-func.txt and run_machine.txt.

Near transitions, the two symbols (x / y) are:

• x: the symbol under the head
• y: the action taken

The action can be:

• R: move the head to the right
• L: move the head to the left
• other: the symbol to write

The empty space is represented by Delta.

A pushdown automaton. Require gen-trans-func.txt.

Over transitions, the three symbols (x, y; z) are:

• x: the symbol read
• y: the symbol popped
• z: the symbol pushed

The empty sequence is represented by lambda.

A finite state machine.

The following code demonstrates one of three ways of defining a function that alternatively displays two results.

# first way
# function definition:
a = function()
{
   print(1)
   if (value(a.childset[1].childset[0].childset[1].childset[0]) == 1)
   {
      a.childset[1].childset[0] = `print(2)'
   } 
   else
   {
      a.childset[1].childset[0] = `print(1)'
   }
   {}   
}
# function calls
a()
a()

In the first way:

• a.childset[0] would give a reference to the parameter name list of the "a" function. The function definition tree structure is illustrated here.
• a.childset[1] gives a reference to the statement list of the "a" function.
• a.childset[1].childset[0] gives a reference to the first statement in the previous list.
• a.childset[1].childset[0].childset[0] would give a reference to function name node of the "print" call. The function call tree structure is illustrated here.
• a.childset[1].childset[0].childset[1] gives a reference to the argument list of the "print" call.
• a.childset[1].childset[0].childset[1].childset[0] gives a reference to the first element of the previous list, ie to the first argument of the "print" call.

One line comments have to begin with # and we end the statement list of the "a" body with {} to prevent the display of the value of the assignation in the "else".

# second way
a = function()
{
   print(1)
   # arglist, value call, operator==, if, stmtlist
   if (value(parent.parent.parent.parent.parent
      .childset[0].childset[1].childset[0]) == 1)
   {
      a.childset[1].childset[0] = `print(2)'
   }
   else
   {
      a.childset[1].childset[0] = `print(1)'
   }
   {}   
}
a()
a()

In the second way:

• parent gives a reference to the argument list node of the "value" call.
• parent.parent gives a reference to the "value" call node.
• parent.parent.parent gives a reference to the operator == node. This node is also the condition node of the "if" statement.
• parent.parent.parent.parent gives a reference to the "if" node.
• parent.parent.parent.parent.parent gives a reference to the statement list node of the "a" function.
• The additional .childset[0] gives a reference to the "print" call node.
• The additional .childset[1] gives a reference to the argument list of the "print" call.
• The additional .childset[0] gives a reference to the first argument of the "print" call.

# third way
a = function()
{
   print(1)
   b = parent.parent.childset[0].childset[1].childset[0]
   if (value(b)== 1)
   {
      *b = `2'
   }
   else
   {
      *b = `1'
   }
   {}
}
a()
a()

In the third way, we use the unary operator * meaning that we want the assignation to be done to the reference holded by the variable "b".

If they were not inside a function body, the "else" could not be placed at the beginning of a new line. Placing an "else" at the beginning of a new line would result in a syntax error.

---

A function displaying alternatively three results.

---

A function generating functions displaying alternatively n results.

You can use code segments as starting points for genealogical dotted lists.

> info(` "abc" ')
        Node type: code segment
> info(` "abc" '.childset[0])
        Node type: string
        Content: "abc"
> info(` "abc" != "cba" '.childset[0])
        Node type: relational or logical operator
        Number of childs: 2
        Operator: !=
> info(` function(x) x '.childset[0])
        Node type: function definition
        Parameters: "x"

When you assign a code segment to an existing node, you do not have to get the code root using the `{code here}'.childset[0] form. Using the `{code here}' form is enough.

A recursive function.

PCASTL on Wikipedia (with very basic examples).

 

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